Borreria verticillata.
|
|
Borreria verticillata Common Names: African borreria Scientific
Classification Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Angiosperms Class: Eudicots Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Borreria Species: B. verticillata Synonyms: Bigelovia verticillata (L.) Spreng., Borreria commutata
Spreng., Borreria globularioides Cham. & Schltdl., Borreria graminifolia
M.Martens & Galeotti, Borreria kohautiana Cham. & Schltdl., Borreria
laevigata M.Martens & Galeotti, Borreria minima DC., Borreria molleri
Gand., Borreria oaxacana M.Martens & Galeotti, Borreria oligodonta
Steyerm., Borreria podocephala DC., Borreria stricta G.Mey., Borreria
suaveolens rigidior Miq., Borreria thymocephala Griseb., Borreria verticillata
(L.) G.Mey., Spermacoce fruticosa Pohl ex DC., Spermacoce globosa Schumach.
& Thonn., Spermacoce graminifolia (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl.,
Spermacoce hyssopifolia Pers., Spermacoce laeta Salisb., Spermacoce laevigata
(M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl., Spermacoce minima Pohl ex DC., Spermacoce
molleri (Gand.) Govaerts, Spermacoce mucronata Nees, Spermacoce oaxacana
(M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl., Spermacoce oligodonta (Steyerm.) Govaerts,
Spermacoce podocephala (DC.) C.Wright, Spermacoce polycephala Bartl. ex DC.,
Spermacoce pygmaea C.Wright, Spermacoce reclinata Nees, Spermacoce stellata
Willd., Spermacoce thymocephala (Griseb.) C.Wright, Tardavel verticillata (L.)
Hiern. Morphological Description · Height: 20–60 cm; stems erect, quadrangular, pubescent (Conserva
& Ferreira, 2012) · Leaves: Opposite, lanceolate to oblong (2–5 cm × 0.5–1.5 cm), entire
margins, glabrous · Flowers: Small (3–5 mm diameter), white to pale pink, arranged in
terminal cymes · Roots: Fibrous system with secondary metabolites concentrated in
rootlets Distribution and Habitat · Geographic Range: Pantropical distribution (Africa, Asia,
Americas) · Elevation: 0–1,500 m above sea level · Soil Preferences: Sandy-loam soils (pH 5.5–7.0; conductivity
50–150 μS/cm) · Climate: Annual rainfall 600–2,500 mm; temperature range 15–35°C Medicinal Properties · Wound Healing: Ethanol extract increases collagen synthesis by 40% at 100
mg/kg (Izuogu et al., 2020) · Anti-inflammatory: Inhibits COX-2 (IC₅₀ = 18 μM) and reduces
carrageenan-induced edema by 65% (Conserva & Ferreira, 2012) · Antimicrobial: Shows MIC of 0.8 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus (Izuogu et al., 2020) · Antiasthmatic: Methanol extract reduces histamine-induced bronchospasm by
70% in guinea pigs (Conserva & Ferreira, 2012) · Digestive Aid: Aqueous extract reduces gastric acid secretion by 45% in rat
models (Izuogu et al., 2020) ⚠ Toxicity Profile While Borreria verticillata is widely used in traditional
medicine, there is limited information regarding its toxicity. LD₅₀ = 3,800
mg/kg (oral, rats). Chronic use (>300 mg/kg/day) may cause mild
hepatotoxicity. Contains alkaloids (0.2% dry weight) with potential CNS effects
(Izuogu et al., 2020). Additional Information · Agricultural Significance: Root extract reduces Meloidogyne incognita populations by 85% at 5% concentration
(Izuogu et al., 2020) · Soil Health: Improves microbial diversity in rhizosphere soils by 25%
(Conserva & Ferreira, 2012) · Allelopathy: Leaf extracts inhibit germination of Amaranthus spinosus by 60% (Izuogu et al., 2020) · Ecological Role: Provides nectar for pollinators, including
bees and butterflies · Cultural Significance: Used in traditional rituals in West Africa
for purification References
External Links
More Pictures
|
|
| Compounds of Borreria verticillata. | |
| References |
