3,4,5-Trihydroxy benzoic acid (Gallic acid)

3,4,5-Trihydroxy benzoic acid (Gallic acid)
Compound Structure:
Synonyms: Gallic acid;3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid;149-91-7;gallate;Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-;Gallic acid, tech.;Kyselina gallova;Pyrogallol-5-carboxylic acid;GALOP;HSDB 2117;3,4,5-trihydroxy-Benzoic acid
Compound ID: NMPC-306
PubChem ID:

370
Molecular Formula: C7H6O5
Canonical SMILES: C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)O
InChIKey: LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
About the compound:

Gallic acid, scientifically known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, is a naturally occurring phenolic acid identifiable by its chemical structure, C6H2(OH)3CO2H. This odorless, water-soluble white solid is found in a variety of plants including gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, and oak bark, but notably does not contain the element gallium. Its name originates from its historical extraction from oak galls for the production of tannic acid. Serving multiple roles across various domains, gallic acid is appreciated for its astringent qualities in numerous applications. It has garnered attention for its potential to inhibit cyclooxygenase 2, an enzyme linked to inflammation, and as an antioxidant, it combats damaging free radicals. Further research explores its capabilities as an anti-cancer agent, a metabolite in human biology, an inhibitor of the arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase enzyme, and an inducer of apoptosis, potentially offering benefits in anti-aging and cancer treatment. Its versatility underlines its significance in medical and food sciences, among others, whether sourced naturally or synthesized.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallic_acid

GHS Hazard Statements

inhalation of dust may irritate nose and throat. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)
Properties:

Chemical and Physical Properties

Property Name

Property Value

Molecular Weight

170.12 g/mol

XLogP3

0.7

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count

4

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count

5

Rotatable Bond Count

1

Exact Mass

170.02152329 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

170.02152329 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area

98Ų

Heavy Atom Count

12

Formal Charge

0

Complexity

169

Isotope Atom Count

0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count

0

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count

0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count

0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count

0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count

1

Compound Is Canonicalized

Yes

Physical Description

Gallic acid is an odorless white solid. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)

Boiling Point

501.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

Melting Point

432 to 464 °F (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)

Density

1.7 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999)

Solubility 

1 G Dissolves In: 87 Ml Water, 3 Ml Boiling Water, 6 Ml Alcohol, 100 Ml Ether, 10 Ml Glycerol, 5 Ml Acetone; Practically Insol In Benzene, Chloroform, Petroleum Ether.

Vapor Pressure

0.00000012 [mmHg]

Source: PubChem
Source Species: Borreria verticillata.
Elaeis guineensis
Enantia chlorantha
Ficus capensis
Raphia hookeri
Saccharum officinarum
Sclerocarya birrea spp caffra
Solanum aethiopicum
Psychotria microphylla
Ficus thonningii
Luffa cylindrica
Talinum triangulare
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