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Coumarin, with the chemical formula C9H6O2, is an aromatic organic compound. Its molecular structure is akin to a benzene molecule with two adjacent hydrogen atoms replaced by an unsaturated lactone ring, forming a second six-membered heterocycle that is fused with the benzene ring. This places coumarin in the benzopyrone chemical class and categorizes it as a lactone. Physically, coumarin is a colorless crystalline solid, known for its sweet odor that resembles the scent of vanilla, although it has a bitter taste. It naturally occurs in various plants, often functioning as a chemical defense mechanism against predators. One of the notable uses of a related compound is in the prescription drug warfarin. This anticoagulant is used in medicine to prevent the formation of blood clots, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K. Despite its pleasant scent and presence in some plants, coumarin has been banned as a food additive in several countries since the mid-20th century, mainly due to health concerns. However, it continues to find use as a legal flavorant in non-food products such as soaps, rubber items, and the tobacco industry. It's particularly prevalent in sweet pipe tobacco and certain alcoholic drinks. The distinction between its use in consumer products and restriction in food items highlights the importance of considering its safety profile in different contexts.

GHS Hazard Statements

• H301 (11.12%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

• H302 (85.39%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

• H317 (92.91%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

• H373 (18.32%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

Chemical and Physical Properties

Computed Properties

Source: PubChem