Solanum aethiopicum
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Scientific Classification ·
Kingdom: Plantae ·
Clade: Tracheophytes ·
Clade: Angiosperms ·
Order: Solanales ·
Family: Solanaceae ·
Genus: Solanum ·
Species: Solanum aethiopicum ·
Binomial Name: Solanum aethiopicum L. Synonyms: Solanum integrifolium Poir.; Solanum gilo Raddi; Solanum
ovigerum Dunal Common Names: African egg plant,cleome Local Names: Osun,todo Species ID: NMP-163;wfo-0001025760;NCBI_Taxonomy ID: 205524 Description Solanum aethiopicum, commonly known as the African eggplant,
scarlet eggplant, or bitter tomato, is a highly variable plant. It can be an
annual or perennial subshrub growing up to 2.5 meters tall. The plant features
broad, ovate to oblong-ovate leaves and highly variable fruits, which can be
spherical, elliptic, or flattened, and range in color from green to orange to
bright red when ripe. The fruit is often consumed both raw and cooked, and the
leaves are commonly used as a leafy vegetable. Distribution and Habitat Solanum aethiopicum is native to tropical Africa and widely
cultivated in West Africa, Brazil, and parts of Asia and Europe. It thrives in
a variety of habitats, including humid zones, dry rocky outcrops, grasslands,
and forests. It prefers well-drained soils with a pH between 5.5 and 7 but can
tolerate a range from 4.3 to 8.5. Medicinal Properties Solanum aethiopicum is noted for its medicinal properties,
particularly its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. The leaves
and fruits contain alkaloids and other phytochemicals beneficial for treating
conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and various skin infections. The
plant is rich in macro and micronutrients, making it a valuable dietary
component for addressing hidden hunger and ensuring food security. Known Toxicity While Solanum aethiopicum is generally safe for consumption, it
contains saponins that contribute to its bitter taste. These compounds can
cause mild toxicity if consumed in large quantities, so it is advisable to
moderate intake and properly cook the fruits and leaves to reduce bitterness
and potential adverse effects. Additional Information The plant is classified into four main cultivar groups: Gilo,
Shum, Kumba, and Aculeatum. Each group has distinct characteristics regarding
fruit shape, size, and taste. The Gilo group, for example, has edible fruits of
various shapes and sizes, while the Shum group is known for its leafy greens.
Solanum aethiopicum is also used ornamentally in some regions, particularly in
Asia.
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