Triclisia subcordata
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Triclisia subcordata Common Names: Subcordate Triclisia, Forest Fever Vine,
African Moonseed Scientific
Classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Order: Ranunculales Family: Menispermaceae Genus: Triclisia Species: T. subcordata Binomial Name: Triclisia subcordata Oliv. Synonyms: Tiliacora subcordata (Oliv.) A.Chev., Triclisia dielsii Hutch. & Dalziel ex Exell Morphological Description Triclisia subcordata, commonly known as Subcordate Triclisia, is an evergreen climbing
shrub or liana native to tropical Africa, reaching lengths of 10–30 m under
optimal conditions. It is characterized by: · Stems: Thin, flexible, woody, up to 5–10 cm in diameter at the
base, covered with fine brownish hairs · Leaves: Glossy, oval to heart-shaped (subcordate), 7–15 cm long,
4–10 cm wide, dark green with prominent veins · Flowers: Small (0.5–1 cm), yellow-green, in axillary panicles (5–15
cm long), blooming in spring · Fruit: Small, brown drupes (1–2 cm long), winged, containing a
single seed, maturing in late summer Its vigorous growth and
glossy foliage make it a notable climber in tropical ecosystems (Orwa et al.,
2009). Distribution and Habitat Triclisia subcordata is distributed across tropical and subtropical West Africa,
from Senegal to Cameroon, extending to parts of Central Africa (e.g., Gabon,
Congo). It thrives in: · Habitats: Lowland rainforests, secondary forests, woodlands, and
riverine zones · Climate: Warm, humid, with temperatures of 20–35°C and rainfall of
1,200–2,500 mm annually · Soil Conditions: Moist, well-drained loamy or sandy soils
(pH 5.0–6.5), rich in organic matter · Light: Full sun to partial shade, often climbing over trees or
shrubs Its adaptability
supports its prevalence in both wild and cultivated settings (Akinwunmi et al.,
2020). Ethnopharmacology Triclisia subcordata is a medicinal climbing plant native to tropical Africa,
particularly valued in traditional medicine for its potent antimalarial,
anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The
roots and leaves are commonly used in decoctions or infusions to treat malaria,
fevers, stomach pain, diarrhea, respiratory infections, and rheumatic
conditions. It is especially known in ethnomedicine for its effectiveness
against Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for the most severe
form of malaria. Phytochemical analyses of Triclisia subcordata have revealed
the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which are
believed to contribute to its pharmacological activity. Although traditional
use strongly supports its medicinal value, further scientific and clinical
research is necessary to validate its safety, efficacy, and therapeutic
potential for broader medicinal use. · Antimalarial/Antipyretic: Root decoctions reduce *Plasmodium
falciparum* growth (IC₅₀ 15 µg/mL) in vitro, used in Nigeria for malaria and
fever (Uche et al., 2021). · Rheumatism/Arthritis: Root pulp compresses alleviate joint pain
in Ghana, with anti-inflammatory effects in rats (Asuzu & Anaga, 1996). · Respiratory Relief: Leaf/root juice with salt and palm wine
treats coughs and bronchitis in Cameroon, linked to expectorant properties (Abo
et al., 2011). · Emmenagogue/Abortifacient: Root infusions regulate menstruation and
induce abortion in Togo, showing uterine stimulation in rats (Asuzu &
Anaga, 1996). · Purgative/Anti-leprotic: Bark pulp acts as a laxative and treats
leprosy sores in Senegal, with antimicrobial activity against *Mycobacterium*
spp. (Tiam et al., 2019). · Anticancer Potential: Leaf extracts inhibit ovarian cancer cell
lines (IC₅₀ 7–14 µM), used traditionally in Nigeria for tumors (Uche et al.,
2016). ⚠ Toxicity Profile: No severe toxicity reported (LD₅₀ > 2,000 mg/kg in rats for
leaf extracts), but its use as an abortifacient suggests potent bioactivity.
High doses may cause gastrointestinal distress or uterine overstimulation. Use
under supervision is recommended (Akinwunmi et al., 2020). Additional Uses · Edible Uses: Fruits are edible, though rarely consumed; seeds
occasionally roasted as a snack in rural Nigeria (Okpara et al., 2021) · Ornamental Uses: Planted in gardens and parks for shade,
windbreaks, and aesthetic appeal · Ecological: Supports biodiversity by providing habitat for insects and
birds in forests · Cultural: Used in traditional rites in Yoruba culture for purification References
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