limonene

limonene
Compound Structure:
Synonyms: 1,8(9)-p-Menthadiene; 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene; 1-Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene; 4 Mentha 1,8 diene; 4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene; Achillies dipentene; Acintene DP; Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-; Cyclohexene, 1-methy
Compound ID: NMPC-005
PubChem ID:

22311

Molecular Formula: C10H16
Canonical SMILES: CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C
InChIKey: XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
About the compound:

Limonene is a cyclic monoterpene and is one of the major constituents in citrus essential oils. Chemically, limonene can exist in two enantiomeric forms: D-limonene and L-limonene. D-limonene is the more commonly encountered form and has a pleasant orange scent. L-limonene has a turpentine-like odor.  Limonene is predominantly found in the oils of citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits. It contributes significantly to the characteristic smell of these fruits. However, it's not limited to citrus; limonene can also be found in small amounts in various other plants and trees. Limonene, especially D-limonene, is commonly used in food, beverages, and candies for its pleasant citrus flavor. It's also used in cosmetics, cleaning products, and perfumes for its fresh, citrusy scent. Due to its good solvency properties, D-limonene is often used as an ingredient in eco-friendly cleaning products. It's particularly effective at dissolving oils and greases. Limonene can be used as a natural solvent in some industrial applications, replacing more toxic or environmentally harmful solvents. Preliminary studies have suggested that limonene may have various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and even anticancer properties. Some research has explored its potential use in skin care and therapeutic treatments.D-limonene's pleasant smell  makes it a favorite in aromatherapy, where it's believed to have uplifting and stress-reducing effects.

Safety and Hazard

GHS Hazard Statements  

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Properties:

Chemical and Physical Properties

Property Name

Property Value

Molecular Weight

136.23 g/mol

XLogP3-AA

3.4

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count

0

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count

0

Rotatable Bond Count

1

Exact Mass

136.125200510 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

136.125200510 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area

0²

Heavy Atom Count

10

Formal Charge

0

Complexity

163

Isotope Atom Count

0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count

0

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count

1

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count

0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count

0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count

1

Compound Is Canonicalized

Yes

Physical appearance

colorless liquid with an odor of lemon. Flash point 113 °F. Density about 7.2 lb /gal and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a solvent for rosin, waxes, rubber; as a dispersing agent for oils, resins, paints, lacquers, varnishes, and in floor waxes and furniture polishes.

Boiling Point

352 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

 

Melting Point

-40 °F (USCG, 1999)

 

Density

0.842 at 69.8 °F (USCG, 1999)

 

Solubility 

In water, 7.57 mg/L at 25 °C

Vapor Pressure

1.55 [mmHg]

Source: PubChem

Source Species: Ficus asperifolia
Heeria insignis
Monodora myristica
Monodora tenuifolia
Pachira glabra
Phyllanthus muellerianus
Solanum nigrum
Tithonia diversifolia
Araucaria cunninghamii
Brachystegia nigerica
Brachystegia eurycoma
Eucalyptus tereticornis
Hyparrhenia rufa
Tagetes erecta
Taxodium distichum
Eugenia uniflora
Eucalyptus torelliana
Callitris columellaris
Morinda lucida
Murraya Koenigii
Polyalthia suaveolens
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