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Palmitoleic acid is a hexadec-9-enoic acid where the double bond at the C-9 position is in a cis configuration. It plays several biological roles, including acting as an inhibitor of the enzyme carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1), and is a metabolite found in Daphnia galeata, human blood serum, algae, and Escherichia coli. Chemically, it is the conjugate acid of a palmitoleate. Also known as (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid, palmitoleic acid is an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH. This 16:1n-7 fatty acid is a relatively rare component of fats and is commonly found in the glycerides of human adipose tissue. It is present in all human tissues but is generally more concentrated in the liver. Palmitoleic acid is synthesized from palmitic acid through the activity of the enzyme Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1. Animal and cell culture studies have suggested that palmitoleic acid possesses anti-inflammatory properties and can improve insulin sensitivity in the liver and skeletal muscles. However, further research is needed to fully understand its effects in humans. Many of the beneficial effects of palmitoleic acid are attributed to its activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha).

GHS Hazard Statements

• H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

• H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

• H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Chemical and Physical Properties

Source: PubChem