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Benzyl benzoate is a benzoate ester formed by the condensation of benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. It has been extracted from various plants, particularly those belonging to the Polyalthia genus, and plays multiple roles such as a scabicide, acaricide, and plant metabolite. Chemically, it is both a benzyl ester and a benzoate ester, closely related to benzoic acid. Historically, benzyl benzoate has been used to treat scabies, a skin condition caused by the sarcoptes scabiei mite, characterized by intense itching, red spots, and potential secondary infection. Its effectiveness against this mite makes it a valuable treatment. Additionally, it is utilized in addressing lice infestation on the head and body. However, due to its irritant properties, it is not the first choice of treatment for scabies. In the medical field, benzyl benzoate is used as a medication and insect repellent. It is a topical treatment for scabies and lice, although other treatments like permethrin or malathion are often preferred for scabies. The compound is typically applied as a lotion, usually requiring two to three applications. It is also a component of certain natural products like Balsam of Peru and Tolu balsam, and is found in several flowers. Despite its benefits, it can cause skin irritation and is not recommended for children. In veterinary medicine, it serves as a topical acaricide, scabicide, and pediculicide. Non-medically, benzyl benzoate finds application as a repellent for chiggers, ticks, and mosquitoes. It is also used in the perfume industry as a dye carrier, solvent, plasticizer, and fixative. Its role extends to certain asthma and whooping cough drugs due to its vasodilating and spasmolytic effects, and it is an excipient in some testosterone-replacement therapies. Regarding its safety, benzyl benzoate exhibits low acute toxicity in lab animals and is rapidly broken down into benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol, which are then further metabolized and excreted. High doses, however, can cause serious reactions like hyperexcitation, loss of coordination, and respiratory paralysis in animals. When used topically, it can irritate the skin, and overdosing might result in blistering, hives, or rashes due to allergic reactions. In some testosterone-replacement injectable medications, benzyl benzoate has been linked to anaphylactic reactions, prompting health professionals to be vigilant regarding potential allergic reactions to such preparations. This concern is based on reports of adverse reactions, including a case of anaphylaxis reported in Australia. First studied medically in 1918, benzyl benzoate is listed on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Available under various brand names, including Scabanca, it is sold as a generic medication. However, it is not approved for medical use in the United States. Despite its limitations and potential side effects, benzyl benzoate remains a significant compound in both medical and non-medical applications.

GHS Hazard Statements

• H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

• H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

First Aid

The first aid measures for chemical exposure as recommended by the ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) are as follows:

Inhalation First Aid:

• Move the person to fresh air and ensure they can breathe comfortably.

• Administer artificial respiration if necessary.

• Seek medical attention promptly.

Skin First Aid:

• Remove contaminated clothing and rinse affected skin with plenty of water or shower for extensive exposure.

• Seek medical attention, especially if irritation or burns occur.

Eye First Aid:

• Rinse eyes with plenty of water, remove contact lenses if possible.

• Continue rinsing and seek medical attention promptly.

Fire Fighting Measures:

• Use appropriate extinguishing agents based on the nature of the fire and chemical properties involved.

• Options include water spray, dry powder, foam, and carbon dioxide (CO2).

• Choose extinguishing material carefully for effective fire control.

Chemical and Physical Properties

Source: PubChem