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Oleic acid, an octadec-9-enoic acid with Z (cis) stereochemistry at the double bond C-9, serves various roles including being an inhibitor of carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1), a metabolite in Escherichia coli, plants, Daphnia galeata, and mice, as well as a solvent, antioxidant, and a conjugate acid of oleate. It is derived from a hydride of cis-octadec-9-ene. Oleic acid, also known by its chemical name (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid, is a monounsaturated fatty acid integral to numerous biological processes and commonly found in a wide array of foods. This fatty acid is prevalent in both vegetable and animal fats and oils, with its chemical structure defined by the formula C18H34O2 and a molecular weight of 282.468 g/mol. Appearing as a colorless oily liquid, it emits a lard-like smell and is not water-soluble, though it dissolves in ethanol[1]. Predominantly, oleic acid constitutes the majority of fatty acids in human adipose tissue and ranks as the second most abundant fatty acid in human tissues, following palmitic acid. Its synthesis is facilitated by the enzyme stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase, which transforms stearic acid into oleic acid via dehydrogenation[1]. Dietarily, oleic acid is a critical component, with olive oil, pecan oil, canola oil, and various other vegetable oils being rich sources. For instance, olive oil contains approximately 70% of its triglycerides as oleic acid. There has been a development of high oleic oil variants, which boast an even greater content of this fatty acid, underscoring its dietary significance[1]. Furthermore, oleic acid's metabolic pathways and its impact on health have been the subjects of thorough research. It plays a pivotal role in several bodily biochemical processes and is associated with numerous health benefits, particularly concerning cardiovascular health by aiding in the reduction of harmful cholesterol levels[2].

Reference

1. Wikipedia contributors. "Oleic acid." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleic_acid. This source provides a comprehensive overview of oleic acid, including its chemical structure, properties, dietary sources, and occurrence in nature.

2. Human Metabolome Database. "Showing metabocard for Oleic acid (HMDB0000207)." Human Metabolome Database. https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000207. This entry offers detailed information on oleic acid's biochemical aspects, health implications, and role in human metabolism.

GHS Hazard Statements

• H315 (95.03%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

• H319 (61.89%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

• H335 (28.64%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Chemical and Physical Properties

Source: PubChem