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(E)-beta-farnesene is a natural compound found in various organisms, including Dipteryx lacunifera and Grindelia hirsutula. The term "farnesene" refers to a group of closely related sesquiterpenes. Within this group, both α-farnesene and β-farnesene are significant members, differing in the location of a double bond: α-Farnesene (3,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene): This compound can exist as four stereoisomers, differing in the geometry of two of its three internal double bonds. The α-farnesene isomers play various roles in nature, including being found in the coating of apples and other fruits. They are responsible for the distinctive green apple odor. However, their oxidation by air can lead to fruit damage, causing a storage disorder known as scald. These isomers also serve as insect semiochemicals, acting as alarm pheromones in termites or food attractants for pests like the codling moth. α-Farnesene is a significant contributor to the scent of gardenia, making up a considerable portion of its headspace constituents. β-Farnesene (7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene): This compound exists in a single naturally occurring isomer. The E isomer of β-farnesene is found in various essential oils and is also released by aphids as an alarm pheromone upon their death to warn away other aphids. Some plants, including certain potato species, synthesize β-farnesene as a natural insect repellent.

Chemical and Physical Properties

Source: PubChem